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Under Debian Linux startup files are stored in /etc/init.d/ directory and symbolic linked between /etc/rcX.d/ directory exists. Debian Linux uses System V initialization scripts to start services at boot time from /etc/rcX.d/ directory. Debian Linux comes with different utilities to remove unwanted startup file

Using rcconf

This tool configures system services in connection with system runlevels. It turns on/off services using the scripts in /etc/init.d/. Rcconf works with System-V style runlevel configuration. It is a TUI(Text User Interface) frontend to the update-rc.d command.

Install rcconf in Debian

#apt-get install rcconf

To start rconf, login as root user and type rcconf

# rcconf

Select the service you would like to enable or disable.

Using sysv-rc-conf

sysv-rc-conf provides a terminal GUI for managing “/etc/rc{runlevel}.d/” symlinks. The interface comes in two different flavors, one that simply allows turning services on or off and another that allows for more fine tuned management of the symlinks. Unlike most runlevel config programs, you can edit startup scripts for any runlevel, not just your current one.

Install sysv-rc-conf in debian

#apt-get install sysv-rc-conf

This will install sysv-rc-conf.Now you need to run the following command

# sysv-rc-conf

Select the service you would like to enable or disable.

Both sysv-rc-conf and rcconf are best tools to use on Remote Debian Linux or when GUI is not available

You can also use update-rc.d script as follows (update-rc.d removes any links in the /etc/rcX.d directories to the script /etc/init.d/service):

# update-rc.d -f {SERVICE-NAME} remove

For example to stop xinetd service you can type command as follows:

# update-rc.d -f xinetd remove

Under Debian Linux ( and most other distros) startup files are stored in /etc/init.d/ directory and symbolic linked between /etc/rcX.d/ directory exists. Debian Linux (Red Hat/ Fedora) uses System V initialization scripts to start services at boot time from /etc/rcX.d/ directory. Debian Linux comes with different utilities to remove unwanted startup file: Read the rest of this entry »

OS: Ubuntu 8.04.1 AMD64 (LTS)

apt-get install vnc4server
 
apt-get install xvnc4viewer
 
apt-get install openbox twm
 
apt-get install xterm
 
apt-get install firefox gftp rsync

[In One Line]

apt-get install vnc4server  xvnc4viewer openbox twm firefox gftp rsync xterm

Launch vncserver to generate ~/.vnc/xstartup configure file.

$ login as the <username> who want to remote this server, and then type

vncserver # Input the VNC Password

modify ~/.vnc/xstartup configure file
Backup the xstartup file first.

mv ~/.vnc/xstartup ~/.vnc/xstartup.orig

vi ~/.vnc/xstartup
#--------------------------------------------------------------
#!/bin/sh
# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
# unset SESSION_MANAGER
# exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
 
[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &
xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#twm &
openbox &
#--------------------------------------------------------------
:wq

chmod 755 ~/.vnc/xstartup

Start VNCServer (First time need to input password)

vncserver

Stop VNCServer

vncserver -kill :1

apt-get install build-essential

apt-get install linux-headers-`uname -r`

CD/DVD Burning

How to blank CD-RW/DVD-RW

• Read #General Notes

e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM

sudo umount /dev/cdrom
cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrom blank=fast

How to burn files/folders into CD/DVD

• Read #General Notes

Places -> CD/DVD Creator

• Drag files/folders into window

File Menu -> Write to Disc... -> Write

How to burn Image (ISO) files into CD/DVD

• Read #General Notes

Right click on Image (ISO) file -> Write to Disc... -> Write

How to duplicate CD/DVD

• Read #General Notes
• Read #How to create Image (ISO) files from CD/DVD
• Read #How to burn Image (ISO) files into CD/DVD

How to create Image (ISO) files from CD/DVD

• Read #General Notes

e.g. Assumed that /dev/cdrom is the location of CD/DVD-ROM

sudo umount /dev/cdrom
readcd dev=/dev/cdrom f=file.iso

You can also use embedded Linux command

dd if=/dev/cdrom of=file.iso

How to create Image (ISO) files from folders

• Read #General Notes

mkisofs -r -o file.iso /location_of_folder/

How to generate MD5 checksum files

• Read #General Notes

md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5

How to check MD5 checksum of files

• Read #General Notes

e.g. Assumed that file.iso and file.iso.md5 are in the same folder

md5sum -c file.iso.md5

How to mount/unmount Image (ISO) files without burning

• Read #General Notes
• To mount Image (ISO) file

sudo mkdir /media/iso
sudo modprobe loop
sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop file.iso /media/iso/

• To unmount Image (ISO) file

sudo umount /media/iso/

• If you want to mount/unmount your ISO image directly right-clicking on it, you can do this from your home dir:

cd .gnome2/nautilus-scripts/
gksudo gedit Mount

Copy this script into Mount file

#!/bin/bash
#
for I in "$*"
do
foo=`gksudo -u root -k -m "Enter your password for root terminal access" /bin/echo "got r00t?"`
sudo mkdir /media/"$I"
sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop "$I" /media/"$I" && nautilus /media/"$I" --no-desktop
done
done
exit0

Save and close, than do the same with unmount file:

gedit Unmount

Copy these script into Unmount file

#!/bin/bash
#
for I in "$*"
do
foo=`gksudo -u root -k -m "Enter your password for root terminal access" /bin/echo "got r00t?"`
sudo umount "$I" && zenity --info --text "Successfully unmounted /media/$I/" && sudo rmdir "/media/$I/"
done
done
exit0

Make them executable with:

chmod +x Mount
chmod +x Unmount

• Or a graphical tool type in terminal:

sudo apt-get install gisomount

to run type in terminal:

sudo gisomount

How to set/change the burn speed for CD/DVD Burner

• Read #General Notes
• Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
• Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> default_speed (set/change the burn speed)

How to enable burnproof for CD/DVD Burner

• Read #General Notes
• Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
• Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> burnproof (Checked)

How to enable overburn for CD/DVD Burner

• Read #General Notes
• Applications -> System Tools -> Configuration Editor
• Configuration Editor

/ -> apps -> nautilus-cd-burner -> overburn (Checked)

How to install K3b (CD/DVD burning software)

• Read #General Notes
• Read #How to add extra repositories

sudo aptitude install k3b

How to install MP3 support for K3b

sudo aptitude install libk3b2-mp3

How to Burn .img DVD Images

First, Install the udftools package:

sudo apt-get install udftools

Here is the command-line method to burning .img images to a dvd:

growisofs -Z /dev/dvd=full_path_to_mydvd.img

http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Feisty/CDDVDBurning#How_to_create_Image_.28ISO.29_files_from_CD.2FDVD

http://itdiscuss.org/twiki/bin/view/Main/UbuntuLinux

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/rsync